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Austin Songer, CISSP
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Anti-AI_Writing_Guide.md
A guide for eliminating AI-generated text patterns and producing prose that reads as genuinely human-written.
AI writes to occupy space. Humans write to communicate. The gap between them isn't vocabulary or cleverness. It's ruthless economy.
Every word must justify its presence. If a sentence holds up without a word, cut that word. A sentence should carry no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason a drawing has no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This doesn't mean everything must be short. It means everything must work.
Specificity over abstraction. Name the file, the function, the line number. Not "the relevant code" but
Active voice by default. Every sentence needs a human doing something. No passive constructions. No inanimate objects performing human actions.
Put the reader in the room. "You" beats "people." Specifics beat abstractions. "You don't sit down and decide to..." beats "Nobody designed this."
Vary your rhythm. Short punch. Then longer sentences that take their time. Mix it up. The ear demands variety.
Trust the reader. State facts directly. Skip softening, justification, hand-holding.
These appear 10x-200x more frequently in AI text than human text. They are burned. Find another way.
These are real words, but AI uses them 5-10x more than humans. Use once, if at all.
Delete these announcement phrases. State the content directly.
Any "here's what/this/that" construction is throat-clearing. Cut it.
These add nothing. Delete them.
[td]Delete. Address the reader directly.[/td]
These create false drama. State the point directly.
Fix: State Y directly. "The problem is Y." Drop the negation.
Listing what something is not before revealing what it is.
Fix: State Z. The reader doesn't need the runway.
Sentence fragments for emphasis read as manufactured profundity.
Fix: Complete sentences. Trust content over presentation.
These announce insight rather than deliver it.
Fix: Make the point. Let readers draw conclusions.
Giving inanimate things human verbs.
Fix: Name the human. "The team fixed it" beats "the complaint becomes a fix."
Every sentence needs a subject doing something.
Wh- openers become a crutch. "What makes this hard is..." becomes "The constraint is..."
Words to watch: stands/serves as, is a testament/reminder, vital/significant/crucial/pivotal role, underscores/highlights importance, reflects broader, symbolizing enduring/lasting, contributing to, setting the stage for, marking/shaping, represents/marks a shift, key turning point, evolving landscape, focal point, indelible mark, deeply rooted
Fix: Remove puffery. State facts directly.
Words to watch: independent coverage, media outlets, written by leading expert, active social media presence
Fix: Cite specifics, not credentials.
Words to watch: highlighting/underscoring/emphasizing..., ensuring..., reflecting/symbolizing..., contributing to..., cultivating/fostering..., encompassing..., showcasing...
Fix: AI tacks present participle phrases for fake depth. Remove them.
Words to watch: boasts a, vibrant, rich (figurative), profound, enhancing its, showcasing, exemplifies, commitment to, natural beauty, nestled, in the heart of, groundbreaking, renowned, breathtaking, must-visit, stunning
Fix: Keep neutral tone. Describe, don't sell.
Words to watch: Industry reports, Observers have cited, Experts argue, Some critics argue, several sources
Fix: Name the source or delete.
Words to watch: Despite its... faces several challenges..., Despite these challenges, Challenges and Legacy, Future Outlook
Fix: State specific problems and actions taken.
AI replaces simple "is/are/has" with elaborate alternatives.
Fix: If you can replace it with "is," "are," or "has" without losing meaning, do it.
Turning verbs into abstract nouns buries the action.
Detection: Look for -tion, -ment, -ance, -ence, -ity, -ness, -ism suffixes with "was/were/is/are."
AI defaults to multisyllabic Latin/French words. Prefer Anglo-Saxon.
Statistical Targets:
The 1-1-3 Rhythm: After two short sentences (under 8 words), deploy one long (25-35 words). Then break the pattern.
Distribution Targets:
Techniques:
Never open more than 2 of every 5 paragraphs with "The [noun]."
Let content dictate length. One sentence for sharp points. Ten sentences for complex arguments. Never let all paragraphs cluster at 3-5 sentences.
The paragraph break itself is the transition. AI over-signals connections readers would make themselves.
For addition:
For contrast:
For cause/effect:
For examples:
For emphasis:
Name the actor. Make them do the thing.
State what is, not what isn't.
Match the formality level of the input. Don't impose a voice.
The rewrite should sound like the same person wrote it. Just better.
If the original contains opinions, humor, personal anecdotes, tangents, mixed feelings, or uncertainty, those are the most valuable parts. Protect them. Humanization means stripping the machine layer to reveal the person underneath.
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If you have a writing sample from the author:
Match this voice in your output.
Rate 1-10 on each dimension. Below 35/50 total = revise.
Anti-AI Writing Guide
https://gist.github.com/#anti-ai-writing-guideA guide for eliminating AI-generated text patterns and producing prose that reads as genuinely human-written.
Table of Contents
https://gist.github.com/#table-of-contents- Core Philosophy
- Banned Vocabulary
- Prohibited Phrases
- Structural Patterns to Avoid
- Sentence & Paragraph Craft
- Rewrite Principles
- Before/After Examples
- Quick Reference Checklist
Core Philosophy
https://gist.github.com/#core-philosophyAI writes to occupy space. Humans write to communicate. The gap between them isn't vocabulary or cleverness. It's ruthless economy.
Every word must justify its presence. If a sentence holds up without a word, cut that word. A sentence should carry no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason a drawing has no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This doesn't mean everything must be short. It means everything must work.
The Human Difference
https://gist.github.com/#the-human-differenceSpecificity over abstraction. Name the file, the function, the line number. Not "the relevant code" but
src/config.ts:42.Active voice by default. Every sentence needs a human doing something. No passive constructions. No inanimate objects performing human actions.
Put the reader in the room. "You" beats "people." Specifics beat abstractions. "You don't sit down and decide to..." beats "Nobody designed this."
Vary your rhythm. Short punch. Then longer sentences that take their time. Mix it up. The ear demands variety.
Trust the reader. State facts directly. Skip softening, justification, hand-holding.
Banned Vocabulary
https://gist.github.com/#banned-vocabularyZero-Tolerance Words (Never Use These)
https://gist.github.com/#zero-tolerance-words-never-use-theseThese appear 10x-200x more frequently in AI text than human text. They are burned. Find another way.
Verbs
https://gist.github.com/#verbs| Banned | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| delve, delves, delved | look at, examine, dig into, explore |
| underscore, underscores | emphasize, highlight, stress |
| harness, harnessed | use |
| illuminate, illuminated | explain, show, clarify |
| facilitate, facilitated | help, ease |
| bolster, bolstered | strengthen, support |
| navigate (metaphorical) | handle, manage, deal with |
| leverage | use |
| foster, fostered | encourage, support, build |
| resonate, resonated | connect, ring true, appeal |
| transcend, transcended | go beyond, surpass |
| embark, embarked | start, begin |
| embrace, embraced | adopt, accept |
| elevate, elevated | raise, improve |
| enhance, enhanced | improve, boost |
| enlighten, enlightened | inform, teach |
| explore (as invitation) | look at, examine |
| grapple, grappled | struggle with, wrestle with |
| innovate, innovated | create, invent, build |
| inspire, inspired | motivate, prompt |
| intertwine, intertwined | mix, blend, connect |
| reimagine, reimagined | rethink, redesign |
| revolutionize, revolutionized | change, transform |
| showcase, showcased, showcasing | show, display, present |
| unleash, unleashed | release, enable |
| captivate, captivated | attract, hold, grip |
| endeavour, endeavoured | try, attempt |
| utilize | use |
| optimize | improve, refine |
| streamline | simplify, speed up |
| empower, empowered | enable, give power to |
| catalyze | trigger, spark, cause |
| spearhead | lead, drive |
| exemplify | show, illustrate |
| epitomize | represent, embody |
| encapsulate | capture, sum up |
| galvanize | spur, stir, motivate |
| propel | push, drive |
| uncover | find, reveal |
| unlock | enable, open |
Adjectives
https://gist.github.com/#adjectives| Banned | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| pivotal | important, key, or explain why |
| crucial | important, key, critical |
| vital | important, necessary |
| nuanced | subtle, complex, layered |
| multifaceted | complex, or name the facets |
| comprehensive | full, complete, or delete |
| robust (non-technical) | strong, solid, or name what makes it strong |
| seamless | smooth, easy |
| groundbreaking | new, first, important |
| transformative | major, significant |
| innovative | new, original |
| compelling | strong, persuasive |
| dynamic | active, changing |
| profound | deep, serious |
| meticulous | careful, thorough |
| intricate | complex, detailed |
| invaluable | very useful, essential |
| exemplary | excellent, outstanding |
| sustainable | lasting, enduring |
| authentic | real, genuine |
| elusive | hard to find, fleeting |
| poignant | moving, touching |
| vibrant | lively, energetic |
| vivid | bright, clear, sharp |
| cutting-edge | new, recent, advanced |
| unprecedented | new, rare, first |
| commendable | good, praiseworthy |
| noteworthy | notable, worth mentioning |
| remarkable | notable, striking |
| significant | important, large, or give the magnitude |
| essential | necessary, needed |
| fundamental | basic, core, central |
| daunting | hard, intimidating |
| timeless | lasting, enduring |
| elegant | clean, simple |
| holistic | whole, complete, integrated |
Nouns
https://gist.github.com/#nouns| Banned | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| tapestry ("rich tapestry of...") | mix, range, variety, or drop it |
| landscape ("evolving landscape of...") | field, world, industry |
| realm ("in the realm of...") | area, field, domain |
| beacon ("serves as a beacon") | guide, signal, example |
| testament ("stands as a testament") | proof, evidence, or use "proves" |
| journey ("the journey of...") | process, path, experience |
| symphony ("a symphony of...") | mix, blend, combination |
| mosaic | mix, blend, patchwork |
| nexus | link, connection, center |
| paradigm / paradigm shift | model, pattern, change |
| synergy | cooperation, or explain the mechanism |
| interplay | interaction, relationship |
| catalyst | trigger, cause, spark |
| cornerstone | foundation, basis, core |
| underpinning | basis, foundation |
| bedrock | foundation, base |
| fabric ("the fabric of...") | structure, basis |
| kaleidoscope | mix, range, variety |
| labyrinth | maze, tangle |
| cacophony | noise, clash |
| pantheon | group, collection |
| gamut | range, spectrum |
| panoply | array, collection |
| juxtaposition | contrast, comparison |
| ecosystem (non-biological) | system, network |
| myriad (as noun) | many, or the actual number |
Adverbs
https://gist.github.com/#adverbs| Banned | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| additionally | and, also, or continue |
| notably | especially, in particular |
| furthermore | and, also, or continue |
| moreover | and, also, or continue |
| crucially | importantly, or delete |
| significantly | considerably, much, a lot |
| meticulously | carefully, precisely |
| seamlessly | smoothly, easily |
| aptly | fittingly, rightly |
| critically | importantly, seriously |
| dynamically | actively, flexibly |
| indelibly | permanently |
| insightfully | perceptively |
| vibrantly | brightly, energetically |
| vividly | clearly, sharply |
| particularly | especially |
| arguably | perhaps, possibly |
| undeniably | clearly, obviously |
| inherently | naturally, by nature |
| fundamentally | basically, at core |
| ultimately | in the end, finally |
| essentially | basically, really |
| ostensibly | apparently, seemingly |
Yellow-Flag Words (Maximum One Per Document)
https://gist.github.com/#yellow-flag-words-maximum-one-per-documentThese are real words, but AI uses them 5-10x more than humans. Use once, if at all.
- comprehensive
- significant
- crucial
- essential
- fundamental
- dynamic
- innovative
Prohibited Phrases
https://gist.github.com/#prohibited-phrasesThroat-Clearing Openers
https://gist.github.com/#throat-clearing-openersDelete these announcement phrases. State the content directly.
- "Here's the thing:"
- "Here's what [X]"
- "Here's this [X]"
- "Here's that [X]"
- "Here's why [X]"
- "The uncomfortable truth is"
- "It turns out"
- "The real [X] is"
- "Let me be clear"
- "The truth is,"
- "I'll say it again:"
- "I'm going to be honest"
- "Can we talk about"
- "Here's what I find interesting"
- "Here's the problem though"
Any "here's what/this/that" construction is throat-clearing. Cut it.
Emphasis Crutches
https://gist.github.com/#emphasis-crutchesThese add nothing. Delete them.
- "Full stop." / "Period."
- "Let that sink in."
- "This matters because"
- "Make no mistake"
- "Here's why that matters"
Formulaic Openings (Delete Completely)
https://gist.github.com/#formulaic-openings-delete-completely| Banned | Action |
|---|---|
| "In today's fast-paced world..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "In today's ever-evolving landscape..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "In the ever-evolving landscape of [X]..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "In a world where..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "As the [industry] continues to evolve..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "Now more than ever..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "In the realm of..." | Delete. Name the field directly. |
| "In the tapestry of [life/culture]..." | Delete. Start with the point. |
| "Let's dive in." | Delete. Just start. |
| "Let's break it down." | Delete. Just start. |
| "Let's delve into..." | Delete. Just start. |
| "Let's unpack this." | Delete. Just start. |
| "Here's the thing..." | Delete. State the thing. |
| "Here's the uncomfortable truth:" | Delete. State the truth. |
| "Imagine a world where..." | Delete. Describe the scenario. |
| "Picture this:" | Delete. Describe it directly. |
| "It's no secret that..." | Delete. State the fact. |
| "Whether you're [A] or ..." |
Formulaic Closings (Delete Completely)
https://gist.github.com/#formulaic-closings-delete-completely| Banned | Action |
|---|---|
| "In conclusion..." | Delete. The reader knows it's the end. |
| "In summary..." | Delete. Don't restate. |
| "In essence..." | Delete. State the essence directly. |
| "Overall..." | Delete. Just make the point. |
| "The future looks bright..." | Delete. Say something specific. |
| "Only time will tell..." | Delete. Vague and meaningless. |
| "One thing is clear..." | Delete. State the clear thing. |
| "The possibilities are endless..." | Delete. Name actual possibilities. |
| "As we move forward..." | Delete. State the next step. |
| "As we look to the future..." | Delete. State the actual outlook. |
| "The journey continues..." | Delete. Say what happens next. |
| "This is just the beginning..." | Delete. Say what comes next. |
Significance Inflation (Replace with Specifics)
https://gist.github.com/#significance-inflation-replace-with-specifics| Banned | Replacement |
|---|---|
| "stands as a testament to..." | "proves" or "shows" |
| "serves as a reminder of..." | "reminds us" or state what it reminds |
| "marks a pivotal moment..." | "changed" or name the actual change |
| "represents a watershed moment..." | "changed [field] because [reason]" |
| "symbolizing its enduring legacy..." | name the actual legacy |
| "reflecting broader trends in..." | name the specific trend |
| "contributing to the broader..." | name the specific contribution |
| "setting the stage for..." | name what actually came next |
| "underscores the importance of..." | "shows why [X] matters" |
| "highlights the significance of..." | explain the actual significance |
| "speaks volumes about..." | "shows" or "reveals" |
| "a lasting impact on..." | name the specific impact |
| "a profound heritage..." | name the actual heritage |
| "steadfast dedication to..." | "dedication to" |
| "solidifies its position as..." | "is" or "became" |
| "plays a vital role in..." | name the actual role |
Business Jargon (Replace with Plain Language)
https://gist.github.com/#business-jargon-replace-with-plain-language| Avoid | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| Navigate (challenges) | handle, address |
| Unpack (analysis) | explain, examine |
| Lean into | accept, embrace |
| Landscape (context) | situation, field |
| Game-changer | significant, important |
| Double down | commit, increase |
| Deep dive | analysis, examination |
| Take a step back | reconsider |
| Moving forward | next, from now |
| Circle back | return to, revisit |
| On the same page | aligned, agreed |
Promotional/Travel-Brochure Language
https://gist.github.com/#promotionaltravel-brochure-language| Banned | Replacement |
|---|---|
| "rich cultural heritage" | name the specific cultural elements |
| "breathtaking views" | describe what you actually see |
| "stunning natural beauty" | describe the actual landscape |
| "must-visit destination" | name why someone would go |
| "enduring legacy" | name the specific legacy |
| "cultural tapestry" | name the specific cultures |
| "vibrant community" | describe what makes it active |
| "nestled in the heart of..." | "in" or name the location |
| "a hidden gem" | name what makes it worth visiting |
| "an unforgettable experience" | describe the actual experience |
| "scenic landscapes" | describe the actual scenery |
| "clean and modern" | describe the specific features |
| "world-class [facilities]" | name the specific qualities |
| "a feast for the senses" | describe what you see, hear, smell |
Business Hype/Sales Language
https://gist.github.com/#business-hypesales-language| Banned | Replacement |
|---|---|
| "Unlock the power of..." | "Use [X] to [result]" |
| "Unleash the potential of..." | "Get more from [X] by [method]" |
| "Supercharge your [workflow]" | "Speed up your [X]" |
| "A game-changer for [industry]" | name the specific change |
| "That's where [product] comes in." | describe what it does |
| "Revolutionizing the way..." | "Changes how [X] works" |
| "Transforming [X] into [Y]" | describe the actual change |
| "Future-proof your..." | "Prepare for [specific change]" |
| "Stay ahead of the curve." | name the specific advantage |
| "Forward-thinking companies..." | name the companies |
| "Simply cannot [match]" | name the specific differentiator |
| "Strategic advantage" | name the advantage |
| "The bottom line..." | state the conclusion directly |
| "Thrilled to announce..." | "We're announcing [X]" |
| "Seamlessly integrate..." | "Works with [X]" |
| "At the forefront of innovation..." | name the specific innovation |
Hedging/Excessive Qualification (Delete)
https://gist.github.com/#hedgingexcessive-qualification-delete| Banned | Action |
|---|---|
| "It's important to note that..." | Delete. State the thing. |
| "It's worth noting that..." | Delete. State the thing. |
| "It's worth mentioning that..." | Delete. State the thing. |
| "It is important to understand that..." | Delete. State the thing. |
| "No discussion would be complete without..." | Delete. Just discuss it. |
| "generally speaking" | Delete, or say "usually" |
| "from a broader perspective" | Delete. State the perspective. |
| "could potentially" | "could" or "might" (pick one) |
| "may possibly" | "may" or "might" (pick one) |
| "it should be noted" | Delete. State the thing. |
| "one might argue" | Delete. Make the argument. |
Vague Attribution/Weasel Words (Replace with Specifics)
https://gist.github.com/#vague-attributionweasel-words-replace-with-specifics| Banned | Replacement |
|---|---|
| "Experts argue..." | Name the expert, or delete. |
| "Industry reports suggest..." | Name the report, or delete. |
| "Observers cite..." | Name the observer, or delete. |
| "Some critics argue..." | Name the critic. |
| "Studies show..." (no citation) | Name the study: "[Author] found..." |
| "Research indicates..." | Name the research: "A 2024 study found..." |
| "According to experts..." | Name the expert. |
| "Many believe..." | Name who believes it. |
| "It is widely accepted that..." | Name who accepts it. |
| "Reportedly..." | Name the source. |
| "Perhaps" | Commit, or say "I'm not sure" |
| "Seemingly" | "It looks like" or "appears to" |
Editorializing (Delete)
https://gist.github.com/#editorializing-delete| Banned | Action |
|---|---|
| "important to note" | Delete. State the thing. |
| "worth mentioning" | Delete. Mention it. |
| "no discussion would be complete without" | Delete. Just discuss it. |
| "in this article, we will..." | Delete. Just do it. |
| "as we will see..." | Delete. Just show it. |
| "as mentioned earlier..." | Delete. Restate concisely if needed. |
| "now that we've explored [X]..." | Delete. Proceed to the next point. |
| "this matters because..." | Delete. Let the argument show why. |
Sycophancy/Chatbot Residue (Delete)
https://gist.github.com/#sycophancychatbot-residue-delete| Banned | Action |
|---|---|
| "Great question!" | Delete. |
| "Excellent question!" | Delete. |
| "Absolutely!" | Delete. State affirmation naturally. |
| "Certainly!" | Delete. Just answer. |
| "I'd be happy to help!" | Delete. Just help. |
| "I hope this helps!" | Delete. |
| "Let me know if you need anything else." | Delete. |
| "Would you like me to elaborate?" | Delete. |
| "You're absolutely right!" | Delete. Say "Yes" or "Right." |
| "That's a great point!" | Delete. Engage with the point. |
| "As of my last training update..." | Delete. State the fact. |
| "Based on available information..." | Delete. State the information. |
| "I hope this email finds you well" | Delete. Start with the purpose. |
Faux-Conversational (Replace or Delete)
https://gist.github.com/#faux-conversational-replace-or-delete| Banned | Replacement |
|---|---|
| "Let's face it..." | Delete. State the reality. |
| "But let's get real..." | Delete. State the reality. |
| "What does this mean for you?" | Delete. Explain the impact directly. |
| "Not all [X] are created equal." | Delete. Describe the differences. |
| "The good news?" | Delete. Just give the news. |
| "The real unlock" | Delete. Name the actual insight. |
| "[Problem]? Meet [solution]." | Delete. Describe the solution. |
| "It's time to..." | Delete. State what should happen. |
| "Why it matters..." | Delete. Explain why directly. |
| "Here's what you need to know..." | Delete. Just state it. |
| "Do X, so you can Y" | Rewrite as a normal sentence. |
Structural Patterns to Avoid
https://gist.github.com/#structural-patterns-to-avoidBinary Contrasts ("Not X, But Y")
https://gist.github.com/#binary-contrasts-not-x-but-yThese create false drama. State the point directly.
| Pattern | Problem |
|---|---|
| "Not because X. Because Y." | Telegraphed reversal |
| "[X] isn't the problem. [Y] is." | Formulaic reframe |
| "The answer isn't X. It's Y." | Predictable pivot |
| "It feels like X. It's actually Y." | Setup/reveal cliche |
| "The question isn't X. It's Y." | Rhetorical misdirection |
| "Not X. But Y." | Mechanical contrast |
| "It's not this. It's that." | Same formula |
| "stops being X and starts being Y" | False transformation |
| "doesn't mean X, but actually Y" | Negation-then-assertion |
| "is about X but not Y" | False distinction |
| "not just X but also Y" | Additive hedge |
Fix: State Y directly. "The problem is Y." Drop the negation.
Negative Listing
https://gist.github.com/#negative-listingListing what something is not before revealing what it is.
| Pattern | Problem |
|---|---|
| "Not a X... Not a Y... A Z." | Dramatic buildup through negation |
| "It wasn't X. It wasn't Y. It was Z." | Same structure, past tense |
Fix: State Z. The reader doesn't need the runway.
Dramatic Fragmentation
https://gist.github.com/#dramatic-fragmentationSentence fragments for emphasis read as manufactured profundity.
| Pattern | Problem |
|---|---|
| "[Noun]. That's it. That's the [thing]." | Performative simplicity |
| "X. And Y. And Z." | Staccato drama |
| "This unlocks something. [Word]." | Artificial revelation |
Fix: Complete sentences. Trust content over presentation.
Rhetorical Setups
https://gist.github.com/#rhetorical-setupsThese announce insight rather than deliver it.
| Pattern | Problem |
|---|---|
| "What if [reframe]?" | Socratic posturing |
| "Here's what I mean:" | Redundant preview |
| "Think about it:" | Condescending prompt |
| "And that's okay." | Unnecessary permission |
Fix: Make the point. Let readers draw conclusions.
False Agency
https://gist.github.com/#false-agencyGiving inanimate things human verbs.
| Pattern | Problem |
|---|---|
| "a complaint becomes a fix" | The complaint did nothing. Someone fixed it. |
| "a bet lives or dies in days" | Bets don't have lifespans. Someone decides. |
| "the decision emerges" | Decisions don't emerge. Someone decides. |
| "the culture shifts" | Cultures don't shift on their own. People change. |
| "the conversation moves toward" | Someone steers. |
| "the data tells us" | Someone reads data and draws conclusions. |
| "the market rewards" | Buyers pay for things. |
Fix: Name the human. "The team fixed it" beats "the complaint becomes a fix."
Passive Voice
https://gist.github.com/#passive-voiceEvery sentence needs a subject doing something.
| Pattern | Fix |
|---|---|
| "X was created" | Name who created it |
| "It is believed that" | Name who believes it |
| "Mistakes were made" | Name who made them |
| "The decision was reached" | Name who decided |
Sentence Starters to Avoid
https://gist.github.com/#sentence-starters-to-avoid| Pattern | Fix |
|---|---|
| Sentences starting with What, When, Where, Which, Who, Why, How | Restructure. Lead with subject or verb. |
| Paragraphs starting with "So" | Start with content |
| Sentences starting with "Look," | Remove |
Wh- openers become a crutch. "What makes this hard is..." becomes "The constraint is..."
Content Patterns to Avoid
https://gist.github.com/#content-patterns-to-avoid1. Undue Emphasis on Significance
https://gist.github.com/#1-undue-emphasis-on-significanceWords to watch: stands/serves as, is a testament/reminder, vital/significant/crucial/pivotal role, underscores/highlights importance, reflects broader, symbolizing enduring/lasting, contributing to, setting the stage for, marking/shaping, represents/marks a shift, key turning point, evolving landscape, focal point, indelible mark, deeply rooted
Fix: Remove puffery. State facts directly.
2. Undue Emphasis on Notability
https://gist.github.com/#2-undue-emphasis-on-notabilityWords to watch: independent coverage, media outlets, written by leading expert, active social media presence
Fix: Cite specifics, not credentials.
3. Superficial -ing Analyses
https://gist.github.com/#3-superficial--ing-analysesWords to watch: highlighting/underscoring/emphasizing..., ensuring..., reflecting/symbolizing..., contributing to..., cultivating/fostering..., encompassing..., showcasing...
Fix: AI tacks present participle phrases for fake depth. Remove them.
4. Promotional Language
https://gist.github.com/#4-promotional-languageWords to watch: boasts a, vibrant, rich (figurative), profound, enhancing its, showcasing, exemplifies, commitment to, natural beauty, nestled, in the heart of, groundbreaking, renowned, breathtaking, must-visit, stunning
Fix: Keep neutral tone. Describe, don't sell.
5. Vague Attributions
https://gist.github.com/#5-vague-attributionsWords to watch: Industry reports, Observers have cited, Experts argue, Some critics argue, several sources
Fix: Name the source or delete.
6. Formulaic "Challenges" Sections
https://gist.github.com/#6-formulaic-challenges-sectionsWords to watch: Despite its... faces several challenges..., Despite these challenges, Challenges and Legacy, Future Outlook
Fix: State specific problems and actions taken.
7. Copula Avoidance
https://gist.github.com/#7-copula-avoidanceAI replaces simple "is/are/has" with elaborate alternatives.
| AI Prefers | Human Writes |
|---|---|
| serves as a | is a |
| stands as a | is a |
| marks a | is a |
| represents a | is a |
| boasts | has |
| features | has |
| offers | has |
| showcases | has / shows |
| constitutes | is |
| embodies | is |
Fix: If you can replace it with "is," "are," or "has" without losing meaning, do it.
8. Nominalizations
https://gist.github.com/#8-nominalizationsTurning verbs into abstract nouns buries the action.
| Nominalized | De-nominalized |
|---|---|
| "The implementation was completed" | "We implemented" |
| "An investigation was conducted" | "We investigated" |
| "There was an increase" | "More people joined" |
| "The evaluation revealed..." | "When we evaluated, we found..." |
| "The decision was made" | "We decided" |
| "Consideration should be given" | "Consider..." |
| "The establishment of" | "We formed" |
| "A reduction was achieved" | "We cut costs" |
| "There is a need" | "This needs" |
Detection: Look for -tion, -ment, -ance, -ence, -ity, -ness, -ism suffixes with "was/were/is/are."
9. Latinate Bias
https://gist.github.com/#9-latinate-biasAI defaults to multisyllabic Latin/French words. Prefer Anglo-Saxon.
| AI Prefers | Human Alternative |
|---|---|
| utilize | use |
| facilitate | help |
| implement | do, start, build |
| methodology | method |
| endeavour | effort, try |
| optimise | improve |
| leverage | use |
| comprehensive | full, complete |
| subsequently | then, later |
| commence | begin, start |
| terminate | end, stop |
| demonstrate | show |
| indicate | show, suggest |
| sufficient | enough |
| approximately | about, roughly |
| numerous | many |
| regarding | about |
| prior to | before |
| in order to | to |
| due to the fact that | because |
| at this point in time | now |
| encounter | find, hit, face |
| necessitate | need, require |
| elucidate | explain |
| ascertain | find out |
| constitutes | is |
| pertaining to | about |
| in the context of | in, for |
| individual (as noun) | person |
| attempt | try |
| prioritize | rank, focus on |
| functionality | feature |
| assist | help |
| purchase | buy |
| inquire | ask |
| reside | live |
| perspire | sweat |
| deceased | dead |
| fabricate | build, make |
| in the event that | if |
| has the ability to | can |
| make a decision | decide |
| conduct an investigation | investigate |
| give consideration to | consider |
| is indicative of | indicates |
| for the purpose of | to, for |
| a number of | several, many |
| a wide range of | many |
10. Filler Phrases
https://gist.github.com/#10-filler-phrases| Before | After |
|---|---|
| "In order to achieve this goal" | "To achieve this" |
| "Due to the fact that it was raining" | "Because it was raining" |
| "At this point in time" | "Now" |
| "In the event that you need help" | "If you need help" |
| "The system has the ability to process" | "The system can process" |
| "It is important to note that the data shows" | "The data shows" |
Sentence & Paragraph Craft
https://gist.github.com/#sentence--paragraph-craftSentence Rhythm
https://gist.github.com/#sentence-rhythmStatistical Targets:
- Nonfiction: Standard deviation of ~6 words per sentence (range 8-26)
- AI default (avoid): SD of ~2-3 words (nearly every sentence 15-20 words)
The 1-1-3 Rhythm: After two short sentences (under 8 words), deploy one long (25-35 words). Then break the pattern.
Distribution Targets:
| Length | Target % |
|---|---|
| 1-5 words | 10-15% |
| 6-14 words | 30-40% |
| 15-22 words | 30-35% |
| 23+ words | 15-20% |
Techniques:
- Fragment for emphasis. Use deliberately.
- Compound-complex after two short ones. Build momentum.
- Interrupt with an em dash -- creates spontaneity.
- Deploy the colon for punchlines: The result was clear: failure.
- Ask a question mid-paragraph. AI almost never does.
- Use a list within a sentence rather than spreading across balanced clauses.
Paragraph Openings (Vary These)
https://gist.github.com/#paragraph-openings-vary-theseNever open more than 2 of every 5 paragraphs with "The [noun]."
- Open with a verb: "Consider what happens..." / "Running those numbers revealed..."
- Open with a prepositional phrase: "Behind the data, a pattern emerged."
- Open with a dependent clause: "When the results came back, nobody celebrated."
- Open with dialogue: "'That can't be right,' she said..."
- Open with a number: "Forty-three percent quit within the first week."
- Open with contrast: "True, the prototype failed. But it failed in the right direction."
- Open with a question: "What happens when you double the dose?"
- Open with an adverb: "Quietly, the industry shifted."
- Open with a participial phrase: "Stripped of its jargon, the argument was simple."
- Open with time: "By Thursday, the project was dead."
- Open with an analogy: "Like sediment in a river, the errors accumulated."
- Open with a fragment: "Wrong." / "Not quite." / "A dead end."
Paragraph Length
https://gist.github.com/#paragraph-lengthLet content dictate length. One sentence for sharp points. Ten sentences for complex arguments. Never let all paragraphs cluster at 3-5 sentences.
No Transitions Needed
https://gist.github.com/#no-transitions-neededThe paragraph break itself is the transition. AI over-signals connections readers would make themselves.
Natural Transitions (When Needed)
https://gist.github.com/#natural-transitions-when-neededFor addition:
- "And" (starting a sentence is fine)
- "Also" (mid-sentence)
- "There's more to it."
- Just continue. No transition needed.
For contrast:
- "But" (starting a sentence is natural)
- "Still,"
- "Yet"
- "That said,"
- "Even so,"
- "Then again,"
- "The problem is..."
- "Except it didn't work."
For cause/effect:
- "So"
- "That's why..."
- "The result:"
- "Which meant..."
- "This broke everything."
For examples:
- "Take [specific case]."
- "Here's what that looks like:"
- "Say you're..."
- "[Name] found this out the hard way."
For emphasis:
- "The point is..."
- "What matters here:"
- "This is the part people miss."
- Repetition of a key word.
Rewrite Principles
https://gist.github.com/#rewrite-principlesActive Voice by Default
https://gist.github.com/#active-voice-by-defaultName the actor. Make them do the thing.
| Passive | Active |
|---|---|
| "The experiment was conducted by the team" | "The team ran the experiment" |
| "It was determined that results were significant" | "The results were significant" |
| "Mistakes were made" | "We made mistakes" |
Positive Form
https://gist.github.com/#positive-formState what is, not what isn't.
| Negative | Positive |
|---|---|
| "He was not very often on time" | "He usually came late" |
| "did not remember" | "forgot" |
| "did not pay attention to" | "ignored" |
| "not important" | "trivial" |
| "did not have much confidence in" | "distrusted" |
Definite, Specific, Concrete
https://gist.github.com/#definite-specific-concrete| Vague | Specific |
|---|---|
| "A period of unfavorable weather set in" | "It rained every day for a week" |
| "He showed satisfaction" | "He grinned" |
| "Many factors played a role" | "Three factors drove it: cost, timing, opposition" |
Omit Needless Words
https://gist.github.com/#omit-needless-words| Inflated | Direct |
|---|---|
| "in order to" | "to" |
| "due to the fact that" | "because" |
| "at this point in time" | "now" |
| "it is important to note that" | (delete, state the thing) |
| "a number of" | "several" or the actual number |
| "in the event that" | "if" |
| "has the ability to" | "can" |
| "make a decision" | "decide" |
| "conduct an investigation" | "investigate" |
| "give consideration to" | "consider" |
| "is indicative of" | "indicates" |
| "for the purpose of" | "to" or "for" |
The Register-Matching Rule
https://gist.github.com/#the-register-matching-ruleMatch the formality level of the input. Don't impose a voice.
- Casual: Contractions, slang, short sentences.
- Academic: Longer sentences, technical terms, but avoid banned words.
- Business: Clear, direct, confident. No buzzwords.
- Creative: Fragments, imagery, subtext.
The rewrite should sound like the same person wrote it. Just better.
Preserve What's Human
https://gist.github.com/#preserve-whats-humanIf the original contains opinions, humor, personal anecdotes, tangents, mixed feelings, or uncertainty, those are the most valuable parts. Protect them. Humanization means stripping the machine layer to reveal the person underneath.
Before/After Examples
https://gist.github.com/#beforeafter-examplesExample 1: Throat-Clearing + Binary Contrast
https://gist.github.com/#example-1-throat-clearing--binary-contrastBefore:
After:
Example 2: Filler + Unnecessary Reassurance
https://gist.github.com/#example-2-filler--unnecessary-reassuranceBefore:
After:
Example 3: Business Jargon Stack
https://gist.github.com/#example-3-business-jargon-stackBefore:
After:
Example 4: Dramatic Fragmentation
https://gist.github.com/#example-4-dramatic-fragmentationBefore:
After:
Example 5: Rhetorical Setup
https://gist.github.com/#example-5-rhetorical-setupBefore:
After:
Example 6: Passive Voice + Nominalization
https://gist.github.com/#example-6-passive-voice--nominalizationBefore:
After:
Example 7: Significance Inflation
https://gist.github.com/#example-7-significance-inflationBefore:
After:
Example 8: Superficial -ing Phrases
https://gist.github.com/#example-8-superficial--ing-phrasesBefore:
After:
Example 9: Promotional Language
https://gist.github.com/#example-9-promotional-languageBefore:
After:
Example 10: Vague Attribution
https://gist.github.com/#example-10-vague-attributionBefore:
After:
Example 11: AI Vocabulary Stack
https://gist.github.com/#example-11-ai-vocabulary-stackBefore:
After:
Example 12: Copula Avoidance
https://gist.github.com/#example-12-copula-avoidanceBefore:
After:
Example 13: Negative Parallelism
https://gist.github.com/#example-13-negative-parallelismBefore:
After:
Example 14: Rule of Three Overuse
https://gist.github.com/#example-14-rule-of-three-overuseBefore:
After:
Example 15: Em Dash Overuse
https://gist.github.com/#example-15-em-dash-overuseBefore:
After:
Example 16: Inline-Header Lists
https://gist.github.com/#example-16-inline-header-listsBefore:
After:
Example 17: Chatbot Residue
https://gist.github.com/#example-17-chatbot-residueBefore:
After:
Example 18: Excessive Hedging
https://gist.github.com/#example-18-excessive-hedgingBefore:
After:
Example 19: Generic Positive Conclusion
https://gist.github.com/#example-19-generic-positive-conclusionBefore:
After:
Example 20: Hyphenated Word Overuse
https://gist.github.com/#example-20-hyphenated-word-overuseBefore:
After:
Quick Reference Checklist
https://gist.github.com/#quick-reference-checklistPre-Writing: Voice Calibration
https://gist.github.com/#pre-writing-voice-calibrationIf you have a writing sample from the author:
- Note sentence length patterns
- Word choice level (casual/academic)
- How they start paragraphs
- Punctuation habits
- Recurring phrases or tics
- How they handle transitions
Match this voice in your output.
During Writing: The 9-Step Pass
https://gist.github.com/#during-writing-the-9-step-pass- Read aloud. Mark where your voice falls into monotone. Rewrite.
- Circle first words. If >30% start with "The," "This," "It," rewrite openers.
- Highlight transitions. Delete half. Remaining should be implicit.
- Find sentences over 20 words. Can they split? Should they?
- Find sentences under 8 words. Do they punch?
- Search banned words. Replace every one. No exceptions.
- Count paragraphs. If same length, combine some, split others.
- Find the writer's opinion. If none, add one. Humans have opinions.
- The "First Google Result" test. What would a reader learn that they couldn't get from the first Google result?
Final Check: Scoring Framework
https://gist.github.com/#final-check-scoring-frameworkRate 1-10 on each dimension. Below 35/50 total = revise.
| Dimension | Question |
|---|---|
| Directness | Statements or announcements? |
| Rhythm | Varied or metronomic? |
| Trust | Respects reader intelligence? |
| Authenticity | Sounds human? |
| Density | Anything cuttable? |
Quick Fixes Summary
https://gist.github.com/#quick-fixes-summary| AI Pattern | Human Fix |
|---|---|
| Every sentence 15-20 words | Mix 3-word fragments with 30-word sentences |
| Passive voice default | Name the actor. Use active voice. |
| No contractions | Use "we've," "don't," "it's," "can't" |
| No sentence-initial conjunctions | Start with "And," "But," "So" |
| No fragments | Use fragments for emphasis |
| Elaborate verbs ("serves as") | Simple verbs: "is," "has," "shows" |
| Vague ("many studies") | Specific: "Three studies in 2024" |
| No sensory detail | Add what it smelled/sounded/felt like |
| No personal experience | Add specific anecdotes |
| No genuine uncertainty | "I'm not sure" is human |
| No mixed feelings | "I loved X but Y was confusing" |
| No humor | Even dry wit signals human |
| No opinions | State preferences. Commit. |
| No metacognitive reflection | "I changed my mind about..." |
The 10 Commandments of Anti-AI Prose
https://gist.github.com/#the-10-commandments-of-anti-ai-prose- Vary sentence length ruthlessly. Target SD of 6+ words.
- Kill nominalizations. Find the hidden verb. Use it.
- Choose the short word. "Use" not "utilize." Anglo-Saxon over Latin.
- Delete transitions. If the reader can follow without "moreover," cut it.
- Open paragraphs differently every time. Track your first words.
- Omit needless words. Then omit more.
- Use active voice by default. Name the actor.
- Put the strongest word at the end. Last position carries most weight.
- Break a rule on purpose. One deliberate break per page.
- Never use a banned word. Not once. They are burned.